Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been recently considered as potential entrainers for extractive distillation. The use of ILs may\naffect the vapor-liquid properties to aid the separation of azeotropic mixtures. In particular, their effectiveness has\nbeen observed for ethanol dehydration, showing promising perspectives for their industrial implementation.\nHowever, there is still a lack of information about the effect of ILs on the system controllability. The objective of this\nwork is to explore the dynamic implications of the use of two types of ionic liquids on the ethanol dehydration\nprocess. An equimolar feed mixture of ethanol and water was considered, and different IL concentrations were\ntested. The results show that changing the IL concentration affect the degree of stabilization of the product stream,\neven when smooth dynamic responses were in many cases observed....
Energy density and production cost for high-performance electrode materials\nare the main challenge for the capacitive storage technology. In this paper,\nnovel Hydroxide Zinc Carbonate (Zn4CO3(OH)6* H2O, HZC) catalyst layers,\nwhich are composed of irregular stagger arrangement nanosheets, have been\nsynthesized successfully on foam Ni from inorganic precursors by a feasible\nin situ hydrothermal method.............................................
The present work reports the effect of carbonate addition to iron rich kaolinite\non the phase transformation during firing. Mineralogical, thermal (including\nDTA-TGA and dilatometric) and physico-mechanical analyses were\nperformed on fired product made from a mixture of kaolinite and 8% by\nmass of dolomite. The firing temperatures used are 920DegreeC, 1050DegreeC, 1150DegreeC,\n1200DegreeC and 1250DegreeC. The major mineral phases formed during firing are mullite,\ncristobalite and hematite associated to gehlenite and anorthite at temperature\n>1150DegreeC. Their presence induces increased densification of the product\nthat results in an increased in the flexural strength up to 1150DegreeC. Beyond this\ntemperature, increase glassy phase formation together with hematite development,\ninduce a decrease of the flexural strength as well as the porosity and\nwater adsorption. The SEM observations show that primary mullite is formed\nas from 1150DegreeC. The EDS analysis from SEM is coherent with the chemical\nand the mineralogical analyses from XRD. The overall analyses indicate that\nthe addition of dolomite at 8% by mass is favorable to vitreous ceramic formation\nas from 1050DegreeC....
Co-precipitation is an important issue in chemical analysis, where it is often\nundesirable, but in some cases, it can be exploited. The Zn0.5Mn0.5-xLi2xFe2O4\nnanomaterials (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) was afforded by utilizing\nco-precipitation method. The structural and optical characteristics were\nanalyzed for the samples employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms\ninfrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer\n(UV-Vis). XRD revealed that the structure of certain nanoparticles is a\ncubic spinel with space group (Fd-3m) and crystallite size in the scale 124 -\n150 nm. Lattice parameter was determined to increments with Li+1 and that\nmay occur due to the larger ionic radius of the Li1+ion. FTIR spectroscopy\nconfirmed the form of spinel ferrite and explicated the properties of absorption\nbands approximately 593, 1111, 1385, 1640, 2922 and 3430. The energy\nband gap was estimated for all samples with diverse ratios and was observed\nin the range of 2.58 - 2.52 eV....
This paper deals with the characterisation and study of physico-chemical stability\nof ceramic filters from clays and rice husk obtained from the far north\nregion of Cameroon (Logone Valley) and their application in potable water\ntreatment. Clays from Mouka were characterized by FTIR analysis. The results\nshowed that the filter formulated with a mixture containing 80% clay\nand 20% rice husk of 100 microm in size each gave the lowest filter shrinkage rate;\nthese formulated filters were chosen for the remaining work. Leaching tests\nshowed that with filters at a sintering temperature of 830DegreeC the leaching was\nnot observed under neutral (pH 6.8) and acidic (pH 5) conditions as compared\nto 950DegreeC and 1000DegreeC where the leaching was observed. In basic (pH 9)\ncondition, all the filters obtained released ions. Leaching tests revealed that\nthe conductivity of the leachate for the filters sintered at 830DegreeC was lower\nthan those sintered at 950DegreeC and 1000DegreeC. Meanwhile, conductivity decreases\nwith increasing sintering temperature (temperature up to 830DegreeC) due to the\nfact that ceramization starts as from 850DegreeC that leads to an amorphous state\nthat favours chemical stability, the leaching ions were Fe2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and\nAl3+. The ceramic filters sintered at 950DegreeC were applied to the filtration of\nwater and the performance in terms of turbidity reduction was 95% and the\nflow rate after 50 minutes was 100 * 10-3 L/h....
Crosslinking is a common practice to improve the barrier properties of polymers.\nIn this study, Montmorillonite (MMT) was used with Polyvinyl alcohol\n(PVA) to deposit nanocomposite coatings which were crosslinked with glyoxal\n(Gly) by Layer by Layer (LbL) on a PET substrate. Two crosslinking\nconditions were studied, under mild condition and with an acidic environment.\nMild condition was useful to identify the reversibility steps and the optimum\ncrosslinking times while the acidic environment was essential to investigate\nthe crosslinking mechanism, by determining the permeability for\ndifferent crosslinking times. PVA and PVA-MMT coatings showed a strong\ncorrelation between the permeability coefficients for different crosslinking\ntimes and the FTIR results....
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